What is inhibitory avoidance training?
Passive (or inhibitory) avoidance: An aversive (emotional) conditioning paradigm in which the subject learns to associate a particular context with the occurrence of an aversive event (e.g., an electrical shock, the unconditioned stimulus [US]).
What is an avoidance test?
The Passive Avoidance task is a fear-aggravated test used to evaluate learning and memory in rodent models of CNS disorders. In this test, subjects learn to avoid an environment in which an aversive stimulus (such as a foot-shock) was previously delivered.
What is retention latency?
This measure (retention latency) is used to infer the animal’s memory for the fearful experience—the longer the retention latency, the better the memory.
What is step down latency?
Step-down latency is measured to assess the memory facilitating and muscle relaxant effects of the administered drugs. (
What is active avoidance training?
Active avoidance refers to experimental behavioral paradigms where subjects (mainly rodents) are trained, following the onset of a conditioned stimulus (CS), to move from a starting position to another position in the testing apparatus within a fixed amount of time (avoidance).
What is passive avoidance in humans?
a type of operant conditioning in which the individual must refrain from an explicit act or response that will produce an aversive stimulus.
What is passive avoidance behavior?
Passive avoidance is achieved by the inhibition of a previously exhibited response. Thus, after a laboratory animal has learned to approach a food dish, it may then be punished by an electric shock whenever a selected visual or auditory stimulus is present.
What are the key components in fear conditioning?
Fear Conditioning (FC) is a type of associative learning task in which mice learn to associate a particular neutral Conditional Stimulus (CS; often a tone) with an aversive Unconditional Stimulus (US; often a mild electrical foot shock) and show a Conditional Response (CR; often as freezing).
What is classical fear conditioning?
Fear conditioning is a form of classical conditioning. It is the mechanism we learn to fear people, objects, places, and events that are aversive such as an electric shock. In evolution, this form of associative fear learning plays a critical role in our survival from future threats3.
How do you break avoidant behavior?
Here are some tips to keep in mind as you work on shedding the habit.
- Understand Avoidance Coping.
- Recognize When You’re Doing It.
- Take Small Steps.
- Identify Active Coping Options.
- Find New Ways to Relieve Stress.
- Use Emotional Coping Techniques.
- Practice Communication Skills.
- Have Someone Hold You Accountable.
What’s the difference between avoidance conditioning and escape conditioning?
The main difference between escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning is that in escape conditioning, there is no warning signal before the aversive stimulus, while in avoidance conditioning, there is a warning signal before the aversive stimulus.
What is an example of avoidance conditioning?
An example of this would be conditioning a rat to move from one part of a cage to another after hearing a bell ring. The bell ring (the neutral stimulus) is presented to the rat immediately before it feels an electrical shock. The rat can avoid the shock if it moves to another part of the cage.
What is fear conditioning in psychology?
The fear conditioning is an associative learning paradigm for measuring aversive learning and memory. In the fear conditioning procedure, a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) such as light or tone is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) such as mild footshock.
What is inhibitory avoidance training in rats?
Inhibitory avoidance is a commonly used behavioral task to investigate learning and memory processes in rodents ( Gold, 1986; McGaugh and Roozendaal, 2009 ). During inhibitory avoidance training, rats typically receive a single aversive footshock after stepping from a lighted compartment into a darkened compartment in a straight alley.
What is the inhibitory avoidance discrimination task?
The inhibitory avoidance discrimination task, which is based on training and testing rats in multiple contexts, does allow such more specific conclusions.
What is passive avoidance and how is it used in psychology?
In the study of fear learning and memory, the most widely used tasks are passive (inhibitory) avoidance and fear conditioning. This entry will focus on the former task and will discuss how its use has advanced the understanding of brain structures and neuromodulatory systems involved in consolidating and storing memories for fearful events.