What is the role of FT gene in flowering?
The FT gene can not only promote early flowering in plants, but also regulate developmental changes of seeds, pods, and other parts. Arabidopsis belongs to long-day plants. If suddenly placed in a short-day environment, the growth of plants may change minimally, but FT levels would be significantly reduced [16].
Does FLC repress flowering?
FLC represses flowering when expressed in the phloem or the meristem. Winter-annual varieties of Arabidopsis express FLC, a repressor of flowering, at high levels in the autumn, and vernalization promotes spring flowering by repressing FLC expression.
Which gene is epigenetically modified during floral induction?
Therefore, HDA19 interconnects the hormone response to pathogen pathways and floral induction through a common epigenetic mechanism. The Arabidopsis acetyltransferase GENERAL CONTROL NON-REPRESSED PROTEIN5 (AtGCN5) (Stockinger et al., 2001) is a major histone acetyltransferase in Arabidopsis.
What do miRNAs do?
miRNAs (microRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They generally bind to the 3′-UTR (untranslated region) of their target mRNAs and repress protein production by destabilizing the mRNA and translational silencing.
What is FT plant?
The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) signalling system in plants. FT is expressed in the leaves under conditions that are favourable for flowering, for example in response to the appropriate photoperiod as well as environmental cues such as temperature.
What do MADS-box genes do?
In plants, MADS-box genes are involved in controlling all major aspects of development, including male and female gametophyte development, embryo and seed development, as well as root, flower and fruit development. Some MADS-box genes of flowering plants have homeotic functions like the HOX genes of animals.
Is FLC a transcription factor?
FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) are related transcription factors that act in concert to strongly inhibit flowering in crucifer plants through repressing transcription of their target genes.
What is FD in plant?
FD is a bZIP protein and interacts with FT to activate the floral meristem identity genes in Arabidopsis (Abe et al., 2005; Wigge et al., 2005).
How does florigen induce flowering?
Florigen is a systemic signal that initiates flowering in plants (Chailakhyan 1936). It is synthesized in leaves and transported to the shoot apical meristem (SAM) where it promotes floral transition (Fig. 1A).
What are MADS-box genes in plants?
What are MADS-box genes what do they do and what genes are they similar to in animals?
The MADS-box genes encode a eukaryotic family of transcriptional regulators involved in diverse and important biological functions, ranging from cardiac muscle development in animals to pheromone response in yeast (2).
What is FLC in biology?
Abstract. FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) has a key role in the timing of the initiation of flowering in Arabidopsis. FLC binds and represses two genes that promote flowering, FT and SOC1. We show that FLC binds to many other genes, indicating that it has regulatory roles other than the repression of flowering.