What is carbonate ramp?
Carbonate ramps are carbonate platforms which have a very low gradient depositional slope (commonly less than 0.1°) from a shallow-water shoreline or lagoon to a basin floor (Burchette & Wright 1992). A large proportion of carbonate successions in the geological record were deposited in ramp-like settings.
How do you distinguish between ramp and shelf environments?
Ramps differ from rimmed shelves in the absence of continuous shelf-marginal reef trends, the location of high-energy deposits near the shoreline and not at the shelf edge, and the lack of shallow-water derived clasts in deep-water parts of the ramp.
Where do carbonate shelves occur?
Carbonate Reservoirs Perhaps the world’s best-exposed carbonate shelf margin to evaporite transition occurs in the Upper Permian outcrops along the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas.
What is a rimmed shelf?
A rimmed carbonate shelf is a flat-topped platform that has a rim of reefs or carbonate sand shoals along the seaward margin. The reef or shoal forms a barrier that absorbs most of the wave energy from the open ocean.
How carbonates are deposited?
Carbonate sediments are commonly formed in shallow, warm oceans either by direct precipitation out of seawater or by biological extraction of calcium carbonate from seawater to form skeletal material.
What are carbonate environments?
Depositional environments. Carbonate sediments accumulate in depositional environments that range from tidal flats to deepwater basins. Most carbonate sediments originate on a shallow-water platform, shelf, or ramp and are transported landward and basinward.
What are shelf carbonates?
Definition: A type of carbonate platform that is attached to a continental landmass and a region of sedimentation that is analogous to shelf environments for terrigenous clastic deposition. A carbonate shelf may receive some supply of material from the adjacent landmass.
What is a rimmed carbonate platform?
What is a carbonate formation?
Carbonate rocks form in shallow marine environments. Many small lime (CaO) secreting animals, plants and bacteria live in the shallow water. Their secretions and shells form many of the carbonate rocks.
What is the carbonate factory?
Definition. Carbonate factories, or production systems, are benthic carbonate associations that show variations in their dominant precipitation mode, mineral composition, and depth range of production as well as growth potential (Schlager, 2000).
What is a carbonate reef?
Reef carbonates contain a good amount of hydrocarbons. Carbonates can form in many different types of depositional settings including basin and slope, reefs, and carbonate platforms. Carbonate platforms occur when there is a low input of detritus and clastic supply with shallow marine water.
What are the different types of carbonate platform?
Depending on the dominant carbonate factory, we can distinguish three types of carbonate platforms: T-type carbonate platforms (produced by “tropical factories”), C-type carbonate platforms (produced by “cool-water factories”), M-type carbonate platforms (“produced by mud-mound factories”).
What is carbonate deposition?
Limestone Depositional Environments. All carbonate sediment is precipitated by organic processes, either directly, as animals and plants secrete lime skeletons, or indirectly, as biochemical changes in water cause carbonate to precipitate as individual crystals.
How are carbonate platforms formed?
A carbonate platform is a sedimentary body which possesses topographic relief, and is composed of autochthonic calcareous deposits. Platform growth is mediated by sessile organisms whose skeletons build up the reef or by organisms (usually microbes) which induce carbonate precipitation through their metabolism.
Why is the carbonate compensation depth important?
The position of the CCD is important to the global carbon cycle because it determines how much inorganic carbon is stored in deep ocean sediments. The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere also is interdependent with ocean productivity and the saturation state of seawater.
What is an example of a carbonate?
1. What are 3 examples of carbonates? The examples of carbonates are Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3), Siderite or iron(II) carbonate (FeCO3), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) etc.
What is carbonate made from?
. This ion is made of carbon and oxygen. The name may also mean an ester of carbonic acid, an organic compound containing the carbonate group C(=O)(O–)2 of carbon and oxygen.
What factors affect carbonate compensation depth?
Factors that affect the depth of the lysocline and the compensation depth include:
- Water temperature.
- Depth.
- CO 2 concentration.
- pH (high pH values aid in carbonate preservation)
- Amount of carbonate sediment supply.
- Amount of terrigenous sediment supply.
How deep is the carbonate compensation depth?
between 4 and 5 kilometers deep
In today’s oceans, the CCD is between 4 and 5 kilometers deep. It is deeper in places where new water from the surface can flush away the CO2-rich deep water, and shallower where lots of dead plankton build up the CO2.