What is specific force in open channel?
In open channel hydraulics, specific force ( ) has a different meaning: where Q is the discharge, g is the acceleration due to gravity, A is the cross-sectional area of flow, and z is the depth of the centroid of flow area A.
What is specific force in fluid mechanics?
Explanation: Specific force is defined as the force that is expressed in terms of its momentum. It is the momentum of flow passing through a channel of cross section per unit time per unit weight and a second is a force per unit weight. This sum is called the specific force.
What is specific energy and specific force?
The specific force is also known as g-force and mass-specific force is estimated in meters/second² which is the factors for acceleration. Thus, specific force is not really a force, but a kind of acceleration. Specific energy is force per unit mass.
What is specific energy equation?
Specific energy, Es, is defined as the energy of the flow with reference to the channel bed as the datum: Total Energy on open channel flow. E= Z+y+ V2/2g. Considering the bed as datum line , z=0.
How is Mannings n calculated?
MANNING’S FORMULA
- Q = Discharge (cu. ft./sec.)
- A = Cross-sectional Area of Flow (sq. ft.)
- n = Coefficient of Roughness.
- R = Hydraulic Radius (ft.)
- S = Slope of Pipe (ft./ft.)
What is chezy and Manning equation?
Chezy’s and Manning’s equations are two important formulas used to determine the velocity and discharge of an open channel flow.
What is the formula of specific energy?
Q = Constant = Q1 → E = f (y, Q1). Variation of the specific energy with the water depth at a cross-section for a given discharge Q1. Variation of the discharge with the water depth at across-section for a given specific energy E1. For a channel of known geometry, E = f (y, Q).
What is Chezy and Manning equation?
What is chezy formula in fluid mechanics?
Q = AC√(rS), where A is the cross-sectional area of the river, C is the Chezy discharge coefficient, r is the hydraulic radius, and S is the slope of the water surface. This formula is useful for extending river-flow rating curves.
What is the Chezy S and Manning’s formula *?
The Chézy formula relates the flow of water through an open channel with the channel’s dimensions and slope. The Chézy equation is a pioneering formula in the field of fluid mechanics and was expanded and modified by Irish Engineer Robert Manning in 1889.
How do you calculate Chezy constant?
The chezy’s constant ‘C’ is a dimensionless quantity which can be calculated by three formulas, namely: Bazin Formula. Ganguillet -Kutter Formula. Manning’s Formula….
- Bazin Formula. This formula is developed in MKS units.
- Ganguillet -Kutter Formula. This formula is developed in MKS units as.
- Manning’s Formula.
What is Manning’s formula for Chezy’s constant?
– 1.486/n is Manning’s coefficient, in ft1/3/sec. Chezy’s C equals (1.486/n)R1/6 in Manning’s equation. Therefore, Manning’s coefficient, 1.486/n, has units of ft1/3/sec.
How do you find the specific force of flow?
The expression of momentum is a function made up of two terms: The momentum of flow passing through a channel section per unit time per unit weight of water and the second is the force per unit weight of water. The sum is known as Specific Force: Where M = specific force, Q = flow rate, A = cross sectional area of flow,
How do you calculate specific force in hydraulics?
In open channel hydraulics, specific force has a different meaning: F s = Q 2 g A + z A {displaystyle F_{s}={frac {Q^{2}}{gA}}+zA} where Q is the discharge, g is the acceleration due to gravity, A is the cross-sectional area of flow, and z is the depth of the centroid of flow area A. [2]
What is an open channel flow?
Open channel flow refers to the flow of liquid in a channel open to the atmosphere or a partially filled conduit (Pipe). Example- River, Flood, Rivulets, Torrent, Sewers carrying sewage, Rode side Gutter.
What is the driving force in An OCF pipe?
The driving force in OCF is gravity because all open channels have a bottom slope. Shear stress on the free surface is zero. OCF must have a free surface. No free surface is available in pipe flow. A free surface is subjective to atmospheric pressure.