What does TEM-1 mean?
TEM-1 is a 262-amino acid enzyme that hydrolyzes the amide bond of the β-lactam ring of antibiotics, and MBP is a two-domain protein consisting of 370 amino acids in which the two domains are connected by a flexible hinge region (Figure 1(a)).
What is TEM-1 Beta lactamase?
TEM-1 β-lactamase is one of the most well-known antibiotic resistance determinants around. It confers resistance to penicillins and early cephalosporins and has shown an astonishing functional plasticity in response to the introduction of novel drugs derived from these antibiotics.
When was TEM-1 discovered?
TEM-1, the first TEM allele identified, was isolated from penicillin-resistant bacteria in 1963 (Datta & Kontomichalou, 1965).
What is TEM enzyme?
TEM. TEM-1 is the most commonly encountered β-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria. Up to 90% of ampicillin resistance in E. coli is due to the production of TEM-1 (85). This enzyme is also responsible for the ampicillin and penicillin resistance that is seen in H.
What does TEM beta-lactamase stand for?
TEM-1 β-lactamase is a class A enzyme and is the most common plasmid-encoded β-lactamase in Gram-negative bacteria (8). TEM-1 β-lactamase efficiently hydrolyzes penicillins and many cephalosporins, but it is not an effective catalyst for extended spectrum cephalosporin turnover (9).
How is beta-lactamase treated?
Commonly used medications to treat ESBL-involved infections include: carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem) cephamycins (cefoxitin and cefotetan) fosfomycin.
Is Tem an ESBL?
ESBLs are derived from genes for the narrow-spectrum beta-lactamases (TEM-1, TEM-2, or SHV-1) by mutations that alter the amino acid configuration around the enzyme active site. They are typically encoded by plasmids that can be exchanged readily between bacterial species.
Is oxa 1 an ESBL?
production of OXA-1 β-lactamase [3]. The blaOXA-1 gene has been found in plasmid and integron locations in a large variety of Gram-negative organisms. The blaOXA-1 gene has frequently been found to be associated with genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs).
What are Class A beta-lactamase?
Classes A, C, and D include enzymes that hydrolyze their substrates by forming an acyl enzyme through an active site serine, whereas class B β-lactamases are metalloenzymes that utilize at least one active-site zinc ion to facilitate β-lactam hydrolysis.
What is shv1 Hyperproduction?
Hyperproduction of SHV-1 and SHV-11 represents a novel mechanism for reducing TZP activity in K. pneumoniae isolates resistant to ESCs. Continuous monitoring and investigation of TZP-resistant isolates are needed in the current era of high TZP consumption.