What is ventricular remodeling in heart failure?
In cardiology, ventricular remodeling (or cardiac remodeling) refers to changes in the size, shape, structure, and function of the heart. This can happen as a result of exercise (physiological remodeling) or after injury to the heart muscle (pathological remodeling).
Is ventricular remodeling good or bad?
Cardiac remodeling is associated with the development and progression of ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmias and poor prognosis. After MI, may predispose to ventricular rupture and aneurysm formation. Despite therapeutic advances, mortality rates related to cardiac remodeling/dysfunction remain high.
How long does it take for heart to remodel?
Conclusion. Cardiac remodelling is a dynamic and ongoing process up to 24 months following acute myocardial infarction. Long-term LVEF deterioration is characterised by an increase in end-systolic volume and less wall thickening in the remote zones.
How can ventricular remodeling be prevented?
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Beta-Blockers have been proven effective in modulating the process of remodelling and in reducing the occurrence of adverse events.
How much oxygen does the heart need?
Resting myocardial oxygen consumption is normally 8 to 13 mL.
What complications can occur as a result of ventricular remodeling?
Cardiac remodeling is associated with the development and progression of ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmias and poor prognosis. After MI, may predispose to ventricular rupture and aneurysm formation.
How many beats per minute does metoprolol lower heart rate?
When using beta blockers, heart rate often goes down dramatically, for example, from 140 to 90 beats per minute. Commonly used beta blockers include metoprolol (brand name Toprol) and carvedilol (Coreg). Potential side effects include weight gain, cold hands or feet, and fatigue.
What is an acceptable heart rate on beta blockers?
Your maximum heart rate—the upper limit of what your cardiovascular system can handle during physical activity—can be estimated by subtracting your age from 220. So, if you’re 35 years old, your estimated maximum heart rate is around 185 beats per minute (bpm).