What is the blood gas partition coefficient of halothane?
Inhalational anaesthetics
| Partition coefficients at 37 °C | ||
|---|---|---|
| Anesthetic | MAC (%) | Blood/gas |
| Nitrous oxide | 105 | 0.47 |
| Halothane | 0.74 | 2.4 |
| Isoflurane | 1.15 | 1.4 |
What is the partition coefficient of isoflurane?
Isoflurane. Isoflurane is a stable liquid that has a blood:gas partition coefficient of 1.4, which is much higher than both sevoflurane and desflurane.
What is the significance of partition coefficient?
Partition coefficients describe how a solute is distributed between two immiscible solvents. They are used in drug design as a measure of a solute’s hydrophobicity and a proxy for its membrane permeability.
Why is halothane banned?
When the World Health Organization (WHO) drug monitoring database was reviewed for the medications that most commonly cause fatal hepatotoxicity; halothane was one of the 10 most common causes. Given this risk, halothane is not recommended for use in adults.
Why is halothane not used?
Because of the potential for fatal hepatitis, halothane is no longer used in adult patients in most countries. Halothane hepatitis is caused by a hypersensitivity reaction associated with oxidative metabolism of halothane.
What is the MAC of halothane?
| Inhalation anesthetic agent | Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) value (1 MAC)* |
|---|---|
| Desflurane | 6.6 |
| Sevoflurane | 1.8 |
| Isoflurane | 1.17 |
| Halothane | 0.75 |
How much can I sell my MAC for?
MacBook Pro “Sell” Prices (What you can expect to sell for as of 06/24/2022)
| MacBook Pro | Online Buyback Stores | Brick-and-Mortar Stores (Best Buy, with AC adapter) |
|---|---|---|
| MacBook Pro 15-inch, 2019 | $1,030 | $500 |
| MacBook Pro 13-inch, 2019 | $665 | $350 |
| MacBook Pro 15-inch, 2018 | $850 | $470 |
| MacBook Pro 13-inch, 2018 | $530 | $300 |
Is halothane still in use?
It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines. Its use in developed countries has been mostly replaced by newer anesthetic agents such as sevoflurane. It is no longer commercially available in the United States. Halothane also contributes to ozone depletion.
Which one is a disadvantage of halothane?
Additionally, halothane causes minimal changes in heart rate. Disadvantages include sensitization of the heart to the arrhythmic effects of epinephrine, cardiorespiratory depression, and hepatotoxicity (56). Halothane causes hypotension by increasing venous compliance and decreasing systemic vascular resistance (56).
What is the blood-gas partition coefficient?
Blood-gas partition coefficient. The blood/gas partition coefficient is a function of solubility of the agent in blood and is a measure of how quickly the inhalation anesthetic equilibrates between the lungs and blood and ultimately the target site in the brain.
What is the blood/gas partition coefficient of isoflurane?
The blood/gas partition coefficient of 1.4 for isoflurane results in a slower onset of action compared with sevoflurane and desflurane. Isoflurane is chemically stable, nonflammable, and marketed in brown glass bottles. The vapor is pungent and irritating to breathe.
What is the mortality and morbidity associated with halothane toxicity?
About 20% of inhaled halothane is metabolized by the liver and these products are excreted in the urine. The hepatitis syndrome had a mortality rate of 30% to 70%. Concern for hepatitis resulted in a dramatic reduction in the use of halothane for adults and it was replaced in the 1980s by enflurane and isoflurane.
How many optical isomers of halothane exist?
Chemically, halothane is an alkyl halide (not an ether like many other anesthetics). The structure has one stereocenter, so (R)- and (S)- optical isomers occur.