What is the mechanism of action of taxanes?
Mechanism of Action Taxanes reduce the critical concentration of tubulin required for microtubule assembly, resulting in a mitotic block at the metaphase/anaphase junction and in cell cycle phase–specific activity. In addition to cytotoxic activity, antiangiogenesis is another mechanism of antitumor activity.
What are taxanes used for?
A type of drug that blocks cell growth by stopping mitosis (cell division). Taxanes interfere with microtubules (cellular structures that help move chromosomes during mitosis). They are used to treat cancer. A taxane is a type of mitotic inhibitor and a type of antimicrotubule agent.
Which chemo drugs are taxanes?
Two main taxane drugs are available – paclitaxel and docetaxel. The practice of adding taxanes to standard chemotherapy has increased over the last 10 years as data from clinical trials have become available.
How do anthracyclines work?
Anthracyclines work by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, which causes them to die before they can multiply. There are several types of anthracyclines used in chemotherapy, with certain drugs proving especially effective in treating specific cancer types.
What are examples of taxanes?
Taxanes include paclitaxel, docetaxel, cabazitaxel, and abraxane. Cremophor is used to solubilize paclitaxel molecules, and polysorbate 80 is used to solubilize docetaxel (Fig. 48.10). These solvents can cause complement activation, leading to generation of anaphylatoxins and mast cell activation.
What are anthracycline drugs?
Anthracyclines are widely used chemotherapy drugs derived from certain types of Streptomyces bacteria. Anthracycline drugs are used to treat many types of cancer, including leukemias, lymphomas, and cancers of the breast, stomach, uterus, ovary, and lung, among others.
When are anthracyclines used?
Anthracycline drugs are used to treat many types of cancer, including leukemias, lymphomas, and cancers of the breast, stomach, uterus, ovary, and lung, among others. Because of its origin, an anthracycline is also an antibiotic, one of several types of antibiotics for cancer.
Why do anthracyclines cause cardiotoxicity?
Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is due in large part to the generation of free radicals from doxorubicin through mitochondrial redox cycling of doxorubicin in the cardiomyocyte, which ultimately results in left ventricular dysfunction, and in the most severe cases, congestive heart failure.
What are the side effects of taxanes?
Do Taxanes Cause Side Effects?
- Redness or swelling at the IV site.
- Fatigue, which can be extreme.
- Muscle aches and pains, called myalgia.
- Joint or bone pain.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Hair loss.
- Skin rashes.
- Mouth sores.
What are examples of anthracyclines?
Examples of anthracyclines include:
- Daunorubicin.
- Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
- Doxorubicin liposomal.
- Epirubicin.
- Idarubicin.
- Valrubicin.
What is anthracycline used for?
A type of antibiotic that comes from certain types of Streptomyces bacteria. Anthracyclines are used to treat many types of cancer. Anthracyclines damage the DNA in cancer cells, causing them to die. Daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and epirubicin are anthracyclines.
What is anthracycline toxicity?
What is a late effect associated with anthracyclines?
Anthracycline-induced cardiac dysfunction (ACD) is a notorious side effect of anticancer treatment. It has been described as a phenomenon of a continuous progressive decline of cardiac function, eventually leading to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
What is a risk factor for anthracycline related cardiotoxicity?
Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were identified as risk factors for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
Which patient receiving anthracycline has the highest risk of cardiotoxicity?
Cumulative doses above 500 mg/m2 in adults and >300 mg/m2 in pediatric patients are associated with a higher risk of therapy-related cardiotoxicity [4, 5].
What is a potential long term side effect of anthracycline chemotherapy?
Anthracycline-containing chemotherapy causes long-term impairment of mitochondrial respiration and increased reactive oxygen species release in skeletal muscle – PMC. The .
What are anthracyclines and taxanes in breast cancer?
Anthracyclines and taxanes are chemotherapeutic agents widely used in a sequential regimen in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment of early breast cancer to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. Standard practice is to administer anthracycline‐based chemotherapy followed by a taxane.
Should anthracycline‐based chemotherapy be used to treat early breast cancer?
Standard practice is to administer anthracycline‐based chemotherapy followed by a taxane. Anthracyclines tend to be administered first as they were established before taxanes for treatment of early breast cancer. Objectives
Do taxanes first or anthracyclines first improve PCR?
Administering taxanes first resulted in little to no difference in pCR compared to administering anthracyclines first (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.38; 1280 participants; 4 studies; high‐certainty evidence; Analysis 1.3; Figure 5); however, there appeared to be a trend in favour of taxanes first. Open in a separate window 5
Does the taxane first regimen reduce the number of dose reductions?
For the taxane component (docetaxel), the taxane first regimen probably reduced the number of dose reductions compared to anthracyclines first regimen (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.73; 173 participants; 3 treatment comparisons; moderate‐certainty evidence; Analysis 2.3.1).