What is Clausius-Mossotti equation in chemistry?
A relation between the polarizability α of a molecule and the dielectric constant ε of a dielectric substance made up of molecules with this polarizability. The Clausius-Mossotti equation can be written in the form α = (3/4πN)/[(ε – 1)/(ε – 2)], where N is the number of molecules per unit volume.
What is the significance of Clausius-Mossotti equation in calculating the polarizability of the dielectric materials?
The Clausius-Mossotti equation relates the dielectric constant of a material to the polarisability of its atoms. It finds natural explanation in terms of the (often omitted) delta function in the electric field of an ideal dipole. This avoids the subtleties of the rather tricky conventional derivation.
How does the Clausius-mossotti relation can be used?
For example, the Clausius-Mossotti relation is accurate for N2 gas up to 1000 atm between 25°C and 125°C. Moreover, the Clausius-Mossotti relation may be applicable to substances if the applied electric field is at a sufficiently high frequencies such that any permanent dipole modes are inactive.
What is Clausius-Mossotti factor?
The Clausius-Mossotti factor as a function of the frequency of the applied voltage for different dielectric properties of a 10-m-diameter biological cell. ” and are the permittivity and the electrical conductivity of the cell interior. The units of C , G , and are mF=m , kS=m , and S/m, respectively.
Which molecules do not obey Clausius-Mossotti equation?
Clausius-Mossotti Equation is not applicable to strong solutions and solids….It is derived based on following assumptions.
- Polarization is considered as proportional to the field.
- The polarizable molecules are isotropic.
- Absence of short-range interaction.
How does polarizability affect boiling point?
As polarizability increases, the dispersion forces also become stronger. Thus, molecules attract one another more strongly and melting and boiling points of covalent substances increase with larger molecular mass. Polarizability also affects dispersion forces through the molecular shape of the affected molecules.
What is the formula of polarizability?
Polarizability of the molecule is defined as the electric dipole moment induced in the molecule per unit incident electric field. Polarizability α=EP. Units α=N/CC m=C2mN−1.
How do you determine boiling point?
The Formula for Boiling Point It are often calculated as: Kb = RTb2M/ΔHv, R is that the universal gas constant. Tb is that the boiling temperature of the pure solvent [in K] M is that the molar mass of the solvent.
Does higher polarizability mean higher boiling point?
High polarizability means more covalent character,which means tighter bonding, and therefore means high boiling point.
What is the relationship of polarity to the boiling point of substances?
The polar substance always has the higher boiling point, indicating greater attractive forces between separate molecules, that is, larger intermolecular forces.
How do you find the boiling point of a solution?
The rather simple equation for determining boiling point of a solution: delta T = mKb. Delta T refers to the boiling-point elevation, or how much greater the solution’s boiling point is than that of the pure solvent. The units are degrees Celsius. Kb is the molal boiling-point elevation constant.
How do you calculate boiling point increase?
To estimate boiling point elevation:
- Multiply the morality of the solution with the ebullioscopic constant of the solvent to obtain the change in temperature.
- Add the change in temperature to the boiling point of the pure solvent.
How do you polarity affects the boiling point of a substance example?
Molecules with higher polarity have greater dispersion forces and therefore stronger dipole-dipole interactions. This greater intermolecular attraction force leads to a higher boiling point. This explains why water (with all its hydrogen bonds) has a high boiling point.