What is the Stecher method?
Strecher Method is roentgenography of the carpal navicular bone. Bridgman Method is radiography of the carpal navicular bone.
What is rafert method?
Rafert-Long Method – Ulnar Deviation Scaphoid fractures account for 60% of all carpal bone injuries. In 1991, Rafert and Long describe this method of diagnosing scaphoid fractures using a four image, multi angle central ray series. The series is performed after routine wrist radiograph do not identify a fracture.
How do you do a scaphoid view?
Position – Patient is sitting with shoulder abducted about 90-degrees, elbow flexed 90-degrees, forearm pronated and fist clenched. Forearm and wrist rest on the x-ray cassette with palm down. X-Ray Beam – Centered on the carpus and directed perpendicular to the cassette (or with slight 10-degree cephalad tilt).
How do you take a lateral wrist X-ray?
Patient position
- patient is seated alongside the table.
- the affected arm if possible is flexed at 90° so the arm and wrist can rest on the table.
- abduct the humerus so that it is parallel to the image receptor.
- shoulder, elbow, and wrist should all be in transverse plane, perpendicular to the central beam.
What is radial deviation?
Radial/ulnar deviation are anatomical terms of motion that describe the movement of the wrist joint. Radial deviation or flexion is a movement that brings the thumb closer to the radial bone of the forearm. Ulnar deviation or flexion draws the little finger closer to the ulnar bone, or outside of the forearm.
How do you get a perfect lateral wrist?
In regards to the lateral view of the wrist, place your index finger on the radius and your middle finger on the ulna. From there, rotate the wrist laterally with your fingers on the radius and ulna. You will know that you have a perfect lateral when your index and middle finger overlap (Fig. 1).
What is Folio method?
Folio Method is a radiographic procedure to best demonstrate Sprain or tearing of ulnar collateral ligament of thumb at the MCP joint as a result of acute hyper extension of thumb. It is also known as the PA Stress Skiers Thumb projection.
What is the central ray for rafert long modification?
Central ray: For the Lawrence and Rafert Methods, on the medial plane, the central ray should be angled between 15 and 30 degrees medially depending on the degree of abduction of the arm and passing through the acromioclavicular joint.
How do you diagnose a scaphoid fracture?
There are various imaging options for assessing a patient with a suspected scaphoid injury. They include plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, and bone scintigraphy. All of these modalities have advantages and disadvantages when evaluating patients for potential scaphoid fracture.
Which projection elongates the scaphoid?
ulnar deviation
PA in ulnar deviation This elongated position of scaphoid allows for easier detection of scaphoid fractures. [8] The scaphoid can also be brought out to length much more by extending the wrist by 20° or by angling the beam towards the wrist by 20° [Figure 4].
What makes a good lateral wrist xray?
A good true lateral view of the wrist is one in which the palmar cortex of pisiform overlies the central third of the interval between the palmar cortices of the distal pole of scaphoid and the capitate head.
What is true lateral xray?
The academic rule of a true lateral wrist radiograph is defined by the pisoscaphocapitate relationship, where the palmar cortex of the pisiform should lie centrally between the anterior surface of the distal pole of the scaphoid and the capitate, ideally in the central third of this interval 1.
Why do we use radial deviation?
Radial/ulnar deviation refers to the movement of the wrist from side to side. These movements flex the hand toward either the radial or ulnar bone in the arm. The action is a flexion movement reducing the angle of the joint of the wrist and the respective bone of the arm.
What is lateral wrist?
The lateral wrist view is part of a three view series of the wrist and carpal bones. It is the orthogonal projection of the PA wrist.
Why is the tube angled for the scaphoid position of the wrist?
As the scaphoid sits in a slight volar tilt, the angle of the axial view ensures there is no superimposition hence allowing the visualization of any subtle distal, middle or proximal fractures 1 of the scaphoid.
How do you modify rafert method?
For the Rafert Modification, the arm is rotated until the hand forms a 45-degree oblique and thumb is positioned downward. There is no rotation of arm for the West Point Method.
What is Clements Nakayama method?
The Clements-Nakayama view of the hip is a highly specialized lateral projection utilized on patients with bilateral femoral fractures, or patients unable to mobilize due to postoperative requirements.
How do you use the Stecher method?
First Stecher Method. Finger end of the the image receptor elevated at a 20 degree-angle. Ulnar deviation if appropriate. Second Stecher Method. The image receptor flat on the the table. Third Stecher Method. Make a fist. This elevates the distal area of scaphoid making it parallel to the the image receptor.
What is the third Stecher method for the scaphoid?
Third Stecher Method. Make a fist. This elevates the distal area of scaphoid making it parallel to the the image receptor. Central ray: First and Third Methods: perpendicular to the image receptor and directed to scaphoid. Second Method: approximately 20 degrees cephalic to the elbow. Note that there is a Clements-Nakayama Method for the hip also.
What is the difference between Bridgman and Stecher?
Stecher* indicate that elevation if the hands of 20degrees rather than angling of the CR places the scaphoid parallel to IR. Stecher also suggested that clenching of the fist is an alternative to elevation of the hand or angling of the CR. Bridgman: recommended ulnar deviation in addition to hand elevation for less scaphoid superimposition.
What is the radiographic positioning for the X-ray Tech to show the wrist?
This article discusses radiographic positioning for the Radiologic Technologist (X-Ray Tech) to show the wrist. Purpose and Structures Shown: This view should demonstrate the bones specifically the carpals, distal radius and ulna and proximal metacarpals and soft tissue of the wrist. Position of patient: Seated sideways at the end of the table.