What is hydrocracker unit?
A hydrocracking unit, or hydrocracker, takes gas oil, which is heavier and has a higher boiling range than distillate fuel oil, and cracks the heavy molecules into distillate and gasoline in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst.
What does a hydrocracker make?
The hydrocracker is particularly valuable in a refinery that is trying to maximize diesel production and reduce residual fuel oil. The hydrocracker yields a high volume of kerosene and light gasoil (distillate) of good quality (high cetane and low sulfur).
What is hydroprocessing unit?
Hydroprocessing covers a range of catalytic processes including hydrotreating and hydrocracking for removal of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and metals. The process is critical in the production of low sulfur fuels to reduce emissions, as removing the S reduces SOx emissions when fuels are combusted.
What is once through hydrocracker unit?
A single-stage once-through unit resembles the first stage of the two-stage plant. This type of hydrocracker usually requires the least capital investment. The feedstock is not completely converted to lower boiling products. For this application the refiner must have a demand for highly refined high-boiling oil.
What is the operating temperature in the hydrocracker?
Typically, hydrocrackers operate at temperatures between 290 and 425 °C (550 and 800 °F) and pressures between 8275 and 20,700 kPa (1200 and 3000 psig).
What is HCU unit in refinery?
In a Refinery the Hydrocracking Process which occurs in the Hydrocracker Unit (HCU) is a type of hydro processing operation where heavy oil is cracked in the presence of a catalyst and Hydrogen to give cleaner fuels.
What is naphtha hydrotreating unit?
The naphtha hydrotreating unit uses a cobalt-molybdenum catalyst to remove sulfur by converting it to hydrogen sulfide that is removed along with unreacted hydrogen. Some of the hydrogen sulphide-hydrogen mixture is recycled back to the reactor to utilize the unreacted hydrogen, using a compressor.
What is hydroprocessing technology?
Cleaner Fuels and The IsoTherming® Hydroprocessing Technology is a commercially proven flexible process that provides refiners worldwide with a more economical means to produce today’s cleaner transportation fuels.
What is DHDT unit in refinery?
DHDT Unit is designed to process 5.2 MMTPA (15,000 Tonnes/day) of blended Gas Oil to produce ultra low sulphur finished diesel, having 10 ppmw sulphur (max). Mr. Ashok also visited the other locations of Paradip Refinery such as Main Control Room, INDMAX Unit, Delayed Coking Unit, etc.
What is visbreaking process?
Visbreaking is a mild thermal cracking process applied to reduce the viscosity of VDR to produce fuel oil and some light products to increase the distillate yield in a refinery [1].
What is h2 used for in refinery?
Hydrogen (H2) is already indispensable for refining operations. Companies use this gas to remove sulphur from the fuels they produce in a chemical separation process called hydrodesulphurisation.
What is HDS reaction?
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.
What is a Gofiner unit?
A gofiner breaks down heavy crude oil feedstock for use in a fluidic catalytic cracking unit, which produces light-end products like gasoline. It also removes sulfur from the feedstock.